Introduction to Naturopathy

The Naturopathic medicine is eternal. Throughout history, men are treated with food, plants, water, applications of clay baths, manipulation, etc.. ...

This medicine has been non-violent in the past represented by Tilden and Trall American, German and Schrott Kneipp and the general Khune who laid the foundations of unity morbid, the French Dumont d'Urville, Rouhet, Carton and many others.

More recently, the great popularizers of Naturopathy was the Americans Shelton and Jensen, Thomson English, Portuguese and French Marchesseau Colucci.

Although not recognized in France, hygiene and natural medicines are regarded favorably by allopathic and homeopathic sincere. And for good reason: Naturopathy is above all a health, lifestyle and diet correctly, the only way to maintain healthy human health and restore the patient's chronic.

However, the allopathic or homeopathic doctor did not have time to teach healthy lifestyles. Whatever one may say, there is a triangle in which all medical methods complement each other:

• Allopathy, Emergency Medicine irreplaceable
• Homeopathy, medicine, non-toxic to micro doses of regulatory failures
• The Naturopathic medicine of the deep, restorative health by removing the causes (etiology) disease.

According to the conceptions of CENA directed by Robert MASSON, respect and observance by man of natural factors bring him health. The disrespect and defiance of natural factors result in disease.

The education of Robert Masson result of rational observations, several thousands of consultations and advice to patients and a sensible step.

What applies is reproducible, and based on observations of the overall physiology. His pragmatism is based on an experimental logic that leaves no room for vagueness, and a methodology that naturopathic individually depending on the type of cases.

The similarity

Homeopathy is based on the principle of similarity formalized by Hahnemann after only observing the effect of cinchona bark: malaria causes fever and cinchona bark quinine in large doses causes intoxication also accompanied fever, Hahnemann was assumed that it activated a defense mechanism against fever, whatever its cause.



It was during the generalization of his theory to other diseases that have caused adverse effects forced to lower doses practicing dilutions. To his great regret, the classical dilution, if it diminished the toxic effects, also erased the pharmacological effects. He discovered the method of stimulation, which, surprisingly, in his own words, preserved and altered the pharmacological effects of the substance.

The case of Oscillococcinum, Boiron Laboratories, is more complex. The drug was designed by Joseph Roberts on the principles of homeopathy, by stimulation of oscillocoques, microbe imaginary claimed that Roy discovered in various infections, particularly in cases of influenza. The existence of the oscillocoque has never been confirmed and the observations of Roy never been reproduced. Thus, Oscillococcinum is simply a preparation of filtered autolysate of liver and heart of Anas barbariae (Muscovy) invigorated the 200th K, for which there is no complete pathogenesis. Some homeopaths, Oscillococcinum is therefore generally not prescribed homeopathic way. Its manufacturing process is similar however to that of other homeopathic remedies and has generally, in countries where it is marketed, the official status of homeopathic medicine.

Principles

Homeopathy is built on a principle and its corollaries formulated together by Hahnemann in the late eighteenth century.



* The principle of "sameness": the rectory of a set of symptoms is provided by a substance (plant, mineral or animal) that causes similar symptoms in healthy subjects: Similia similibus curantur.

* The "adaptation" of treating the patient: the principle of similarity and its verification, take place whenever the search for the most similar remedy was carried out carefully by the practitioner: it is "the individualization. Each treatment is customized to each patient and, whatever the name of the disease, the search for "all" the symptoms presented by the patient at the center of the method. It explains the length of the dialogue between doctor and patient. The step of observing the symptoms caused by a substance in healthy individuals, which always precedes the application of the principle of similarity, and its transcript corresponds to the establishment of a proving. In practice, the best known homeopathic medicines (Oscillococcinum, Sedative PC ...) are in fact produced on an industrial scale and prescribed for many patients.

* The "dynamic": after preparing each dilution is shaken (successions) vigorously, manually or mechanically, allowing the homeopathic preparation to retain its pharmacological effects, despite significant dilution.

Homeopathy is opposed to allopathy, a term invented by Hahnemann and also means that any medication that is not based on the similarity in the choice of therapy, but on the "principle of opposites." Thus, herbal medicine is a healing method allopathic. Nevertheless, the concepts of "principle of opposites" or "principle of similarity" does not have the same empirical or scientific basis.

The adjective is "homeopathic" and the person applying this method is a "homeopath". By semantic shift, "homeopathic" means in common parlance often a small dose of a product by reference to the current characteristics of homeopathy, while the original meaning of the word homeopathy is treated by similarity: the substance chosen to treat sick person is called "homeopathic patient.

History of Homeopathy

Used in ancient times, the principle of "similarity was" rediscovered "by a Saxon physician Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), when he realized that cinchona bark causes the same symptoms as" fever third.



In 1796, he laid the foundations of homeopathy in a trial, then it was in 1810, he completes his theory with "Organon der Heilkunst (Organon of the healing arts).

In the 1830s, homeopathy began to spread in France, but also to the United States. Pharmacists refusing to produce these products [citation needed], the disciples of Hahnemann had to make them themselves.

On the death of Hahnemann in 1843, homeopathy declined in Europe and it is only the beginning of the twentieth century with the onset of laboratories and the craze for paramedicine, she began her industrial history and its wide dissemination to patients.

Homeopathy

The homeopathy homeopathy (Greek όμοιος / homoiosis, 'similar' πάθος / pathos, "suffering" or "disease") is a non-conventional medicine invented by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796 comprising administering to the patient or lower doses infinitesimal obtained by dilution and agitation (boosting) of a substance selected according to the physical and mental condition of the patient.



It is based on the principle of "similarity". This principle states that a person with a disease can be treated with the substance producing symptoms similar to those of the disease in a healthy person.

Homeopathy is considered by most of the international scientific community as a pseudo-science without scientific validity or clinical efficacy.

Homeopathy is in total contradiction with the fundamental principles of chemistry and physics today. The supposed effect of homeopathic medicines is generally regarded as the result of the placebo effect.

The practice of homeopathy is unevenly distributed around the world. The annual rate of use ranges from 2% in the United Kingdom to 36% in France. In France, homeopathic medicines are between 1.2 and 2% of repayments of CNAM.

The homeopathic industry is dominated globally by Laboratoires Boiron who are also the second largest manufacturer of prescription drugs in France.

The origins of Ayurveda

Ayurveda is said and nityam apurusheyam (literally, "eternal and not created by humans"). It has been preserved in spite of its great principles to foreign influences (Greek, Chinese, Persian, Tibetan). This system has fallen into disuse for several centuries after the Muslim invasions in northern India from the eighth century. Along with the revival in Europe, Ayurveda has reappeared. With the various European colonization, mainly British, this medicine has been repeatedly harassed, and was banned by the English. Only with independence in 1947, under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi, that Ayurveda has again been recognized. Today, Ayurveda seems to generate more interest for its approach to holistic well-being for its medical aspect (the latter is becoming more and more medical research is ongoing).



The origin of Ayurveda dates back to the Vedas - the Atharva-Veda in particular - hymns of India. Ayurveda is a branch of the Atharva Veda. It is therefore upaveda, Veda subordinate. Originally, the healing principles outlined in the Atharva-Veda were mainly based on the sound or speech. The hymns were then ways of healing and their simple recitation had, according to the text, the ability to heal everything. Drugs, as we know them today were not yet developed. Subsequently, two medical treatises, the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita on, came detail and shape to the Ayurveda. In Indian universities, students use the Astanga Hrdayam Vagbhata, a simplified summary of the first two compilations, especially in southern India. The Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta date in the first millennium BC. In Dwivedi & Dwivedi (2007) - On the surgeon's work - Sushruta wrote:

"The main route of transmission of knowledge during this period was the oral tradition. The language used was Sanskrit - Sanskrit Vedic period (2000-500 BC). The most authentic compilation of his teachings and his work is currently available in a treatise called Sushruta Samhita. It contains 184 chapters and the description of 1120 illnesses, 700 medicinal plants, 64 preparations of minerals and 57 preparations of animal. "

Underwood & Rhodes in 2008 argued that the first phase of traditional Indian medicine identified fever (takman), cough, consumption, diarrhea, edema, abscesses, seizures, tumors and skin diseases (including leprosy). The treatment of complex medical conditions - including angina pectoris, diabetes, hypertension and calculations - were also charged during this period, plastic surgery, surgery Cataract aspiration for evacuation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites), extraction of foreign bodies, treatment of anal fistula, treatment of fractures, amputation, caesarean section and suturing wounds were known. The use of herbs and surgical instruments became widespread.

Other ancient books on Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita is the account, attributed to Charaka. The oldest written document relating exhumed work Sushruta is the Bower Manuscript-dated the fourth century. The Bower manuscript cites directly from Sushruta and is of particular interest to historians because of the importance of Indian medicine and its concepts in Central Asia. Vagbhata - the son of a former doctor named Simhagupta - has also compiled his work on traditional medicine. In the beginning, Ayurveda included a medical school and a school of surgery. Tradition says that the text Agnivesh Tantra - written by the legendary sage Agnivesh, a student of the mythological saga Bharadwaja - has influenced the writings of Ayurveda.

The Chinese pilgrim Fa Hsien (ca. 337-422) wrote about the health care system of the Gupta Empire (320-550) and - in passing - described the process of the institutional approach of Indian medicine that appears also in the works of Caraka, which refers to a clinic and its equipment described. Madhava, Sarngadhara, and Bhavamisra (1500) have compiled works on Indian medicine. The medical works of Charaka and Sushruta have both been translated into Arabic during the Abbasid Caliphate. These works have made their way Arab in Europe through them. In Italy the Branca family of Sicily and Gaspare Bologna Tagliacozzi are familiar with the techniques of Sushruta.

British physicians traveled to India to attend a rhinoplasty performed by local methods. Articles on Indian Rhinoplasty were published in the Gentleman's Magazine in 1794. Joseph Constantine Carpue spent 20 years in India studying local plastic surgery methods. Carpue was able to achieve the first major surgery of the Western world in 1815. The instruments described in the Sushruta Samhita were later modified in the West.

Ayurvedha

Ayurveda or Ayurvedic or "Ayurvedic medicine" (in Devanagari script: आयुर्वॆद, the science of life) is a wisdom and medicine from India and practiced in other parts of the world as non-conventional medicine. In Sanskrit, the word Ayurveda is a combination of words, Ayur meaning life and veda means science. Ayurveda owes its origins to the Vedas, a set of sacred texts of ancient India, and its principles are those of what is now called the "natural medicine". In this case, it is called holistic approach of Vedic culture, which was loosely based on Hinduism.



Ayurveda is a form of traditional medicine still alive in Southeast Asia. The earliest literature on Ayurveda originated in India during the Vedic period. The Sushruta Samhita and the Charaka Samhita are important works of traditional medicine written during this period. Ayurvedic practitioners have also developed a number of medicinal preparations and surgical procedures for curing various diseases and disorders.

Ayurveda has become a form of alternative medicine in the West, although patents on its medicines have been disputed by official institutions of Western countries and India.

A public economy?

Proponents of non-conventional medicine argue an improved user comfort, reduced the use of conventional methods, and reduced health costs. Some require that non-conventional practices are reimbursed by health insurance to achieve a reduction in health spending



The experience of Switzerland between 1999 and 2005 suggests instead that the repayment of non-conventional medicine does not generate savings. However, the reimbursement of complementary medicine has not generated more of the cost. They represented only 0.16% of the expenses of compulsory insurance, but many costs are borne by patients or more by their insurance or mutual complementary. In France the granules homeopathic price is very low compared to conventional drugs. Moreover, the 'alternative medicine' claim to have an important preventive role.

The impact of reimbursement of alternative medicine is still difficult to assess. With the possible harmful effects from patients and toward therapies whose effectiveness has not been proved, can not benefit from early diagnosis by conventional medicine.

Use of unconventional medicine by physicians

The Hippocratic oath updated indicates that the physician must respect "all persons [...] without any discrimination based on their status or their beliefs. Thus, even if not agree with unconventional medicine, a doctor may very well be used to meet the patient's beliefs. The use of unconventional medicine by a doctor, possibly within a hospital, is not a form of validation of the method. From a pragmatic point of view, as the method provides well-being and comfort to the patient, the doctor can use it even if it is satisfied that the effect is just placebo (conventional medicine also uses Frequently placebos). In the same vein, the presence of places of worship and chaplaincy in a hospital does not indicate that the nursing staff is a believer, but he respects the beliefs of patients and agrees to implement everything that is not harmful and brings comfort.

Nothing prevents a physician from practicing medicine unconventional. Their practice is not reserved for doctors. Many allied health professionals use them. They may be offered by persons who are not physicians or paramedics (nurses, physiotherapists, etc.;). Faces to the diversity of these unconventional practices with practitioners very heterogeneous attempts to regulations and controls are trying to implement.

A prior conception

According to some non-conventional medicine share a priori conception of the mechanisms of the human body and disease. For example,

* Energy medicine (acupuncture, Qigong, Shiatsu ...) assumes that it has a vital influx (prana in India, Ki in Japanese or Qi in Chinese) which flows harmoniously, the sickness is a disturbance this harmony should be re-balanced.

* Homeopathy is based on the principles:
No evil comes from a problem inherent to the person, the "field", and this field must be treated;

No treatment is done according to the principle of similarity: administering a substance known to cause a symptom that treat symptoms;

No longer a product is diluted and "energized" (vigorously shaken) is more active;

* Osteopathy assumes that the disorder stems from a blockage of anatomical structures between them, a malfunction "mechanical." It is based on four principles: the structure governs function, the model structure, the unity of body, and the artery is supreme.

Conventional medicine is based on the facts. It carries out a treatment if its effectiveness is proven (superiority over the natural healing and the placebo effect). The theory used to explain the effectiveness is subject to verification that there is an effective therapy. Thus, we used aspirin and penicillin without knowing the mechanism of therapeutic action of these substances. The explanation of their action would change with new discoveries, this would not alter their effectiveness.

In general, the fact that a theory, a prior conception, either true or false is independent of the result and can explain a fact by a false theory, and the fact that the theory is false does not being true. For example, in the Middle Ages, knew how to make iron and soap, however, the theory that explained the transformations of matter, alchemy, was generally false.

So:

* If it is proved that the theory underlying a given medicine is wrong, this does not mean that the treatments associated with this medicine is ineffective;
* The fact that treatment is effective does not mean valid medical theory which justifies it.
* Evidence of effectiveness should be compared with natural healing and a placebo on a sufficient number of cases that we can have a statistically significant difference.